In addition, the inability of millimeter wave signals to penetrate obstructions further limits the range potential because these obstructions would need to be factored into network designs for mobile users. Testing of 5G service range in mmWave has produced results approximately 500 meters from the tower, meaning a huge propagation of MIMO-enabled antenna arrays would be required for pure standalone 5G deployment. The trade-off for speed at mmWave frequencies is limited range. With 5G, latency in the 1 millisecond (ms) range can be expected, whereas latency of around 20 ms is typical for 4G. This is an important factor for new technologies such as self-driving cars and “virtual” robotic surgery that rely on instantaneous communication.
Industry-sponsored simulations have also produced impressive results with data speeds increasing from 71 Mbps for 4G users to 1.4 Gbps for 5G users in the millimeter wave.Īccompanying the significant uptick in speed is the dramatic decrease in latency. Operators performing 5G speed trials have reported speeds of up to 70 Gbps. The conversion to 5G technology and the accompanying breakthrough in speed might seem a bit like going from covered wagon to transcontinental airliner in one swift step. The broad range of technology and infrastructure changes inherent to 5G deployment creates tremendous benefits as well as potential challenges to individual users, businesses, and service providers. 5G can operate in the millimeter wave (a super high frequency spectrum that ranges from 24 to 100 GHz), where the amount of spectrum available for 5G means data can be transferred much faster than is currently possible.Īdditional key elements of 5G technology include expanded use of MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antenna arrays, sophisticated implementation of beamforming technology to transmit signals more directly to end users, and network “slicing”, which is the intelligent partitioning of resources based on the service or application being delivered. The “G” is used to describe the generations of cellular device communication technology that have been or will be introduced. The acronym 5G stands for “fifth generation” cellular communication.
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